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1 incentive
incentive [ɪnˈsentɪv]1. nouna. ( = motivation) motivation f• what incentive is there to work faster? pour quelle raison se mettrait-on à travailler plus vite ?b. ( = promised reward) incitation f2. compounds* * *[ɪn'sentɪv]1) ( motivation)2) Finance, Commerce prime f -
2 ♦ incentive
♦ incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/A a.incentivante; incoraggiante; stimolanteB n. [cu]incentivo; incitamento; stimolo: an incentive to invest more money, un incentivo a investire altro denaro; financial [tax] incentives, incentivi finanziari [fiscali]; to provide incentives for, incentivare● (market.) incentive discount, sconto per incentivare le vendite □ incentive pay, retribuzione a incentivo. -
3 incentivación
f.incentive.* * *SF1) (=motivación) motivation2) (Econ) (=sistema) incentive scheme; (=prima) productivity bonus* * *a) ( estímulo) motivationb) (Com) incentive scheme* * *= enticement.Ex. The current concerns about enticement of young and vulnerable people into abusive relationships and damaging behaviours cannot be overlooked.* * *a) ( estímulo) motivationb) (Com) incentive scheme* * *= enticement.Ex: The current concerns about enticement of young and vulnerable people into abusive relationships and damaging behaviours cannot be overlooked.
* * *1 (estímulo) motivation2 ( Com) incentive scheme* * *el plan pretende la incentivación de la pequeña empresa the plan seeks to provide incentives for small businesses;una campaña de incentivación al voto a campaign to encourage people to vote;programa de incentivación incentive scheme* * *f motivation -
4 стимулювати робочу силу
incentivise the workforce (v.); provide incentives for the workforce (v.) -
5 incentivare
( incrementare) boost* * *incentivare v.tr. to stimulate, to boost; to provide incentives for; (incoraggiare) to encourage, to spur (on): incentivare un allievo allo studio, to stimulate a pupil to study; incentivare un proprio dipendente, to encourage one's employee; (econ.) incentivare la produzione, gli investimenti, to stimulate (o boost) production, investments; incentivare le vendite, to push sales.* * *[intʃenti'vare]* * *incentivare/int∫enti'vare/ [1] -
6 incentivar
v.1 to encourage.2 to motivate, to impulse, to incite, to trigger.El dinero estimula a los empleados Money stimulates the employees.* * *1 (persona) to motivate, encourage2 (producción) to boost, encourage* * *VT to encourage* * *verbo transitivo ( estimular) to encourage; ( recompensar) to provide... with incentives, give incentives to* * *= fuel, lead on, provide + incentive, mobilise [mobilize, -USA], set + alight.Ex. This is in line with recent trends in the historical sciences generally fuelled by the feeling that in the past historians did not pay enough attention to what is, after all, the majority of humanity.Ex. While poking about among books children naturally discuss those they have read, swopping responses, and so leading each other on.Ex. Such a concept came as a great surprise to many information educators who rather dismissively regarded the information qua information field of activity as being too limiting to provide incentives to graduates to enter.Ex. It is time for all librarians to change their attitudes and become involved, to seek funds and mobilise civic organisations and businesses in cooperative efforts.----* incentivar la economía = stimulate + the economy.* * *verbo transitivo ( estimular) to encourage; ( recompensar) to provide... with incentives, give incentives to* * *= fuel, lead on, provide + incentive, mobilise [mobilize, -USA], set + alight.Ex: This is in line with recent trends in the historical sciences generally fuelled by the feeling that in the past historians did not pay enough attention to what is, after all, the majority of humanity.
Ex: While poking about among books children naturally discuss those they have read, swopping responses, and so leading each other on.Ex: Such a concept came as a great surprise to many information educators who rather dismissively regarded the information qua information field of activity as being too limiting to provide incentives to graduates to enter.Ex: It is time for all librarians to change their attitudes and become involved, to seek funds and mobilise civic organisations and businesses in cooperative efforts.* incentivar la economía = stimulate + the economy.* * *incentivar [A1 ]vt(estimular) to encourage; (recompensar) to provide … with incentives, give incentives tomedidas para incentivar la creación de puestos de trabajo measures to encourage o stimulate the creation of jobsincentivan a los agricultores para que no planten estos cultivos farmers are being provided with o given incentives not to plant these crops* * *
incentivar verbo transitivo to give an incentive to
* * *incentivar vtto encourage;incentivan la compra de vehículos con rebajas fiscales they are using tax cuts as an incentive to encourage people to buy vehicles* * *v/t motivate* * *incentivar vt: to encourage, to stimulate -
7 ayuda
f.1 help, assistance (asistencia).acudir en ayuda de alguien to come/go to somebody's assistancenos fuiste de gran ayuda you were a great help to usno me sirvió de mucha ayuda it wasn't much help to meprestar ayuda to help, to assistayuda en carretera breakdown service2 aid.ayuda al desarrollo development aidayuda humanitaria humanitarian aidpres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: ayudar.* * *1 help, aid, assistance2 (lavativa) enema\ir en ayuda de alguien to come to somebody's assistanceprestar ayuda to help (a, -)ayuda de cámara valet* * *noun f.help, assistance, aid* * *1. SF1) (=asistencia) help, assistance más frmayuda a domicilio — home help, home helper (EEUU)
ayudas a la navegación — aids to navigation, navigational aids
ayuda compensatoria — ≈ income support, welfare (EEUU)
2) (Med) (=enema) enema; LAm (=laxante) laxative2.SM (=paje) page* * *1) ( asistencia) helpnadie fue or acudió en su ayuda — nobody went to his aid
2) (fam & euf) ( enema) enema* * *= aid, assistance, guidance, help, helpfulness, support, relief, enhancer, helper, facilitator, bursary, good offices, jump-start [jumpstart], helping hand, succour [succor, -USA].Ex. Indexing may be conducted entirely without the aid of a computer, or may rely to varying extents upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.Ex. Most information about terms and their relationships that could be of assistance to the user of the index will be transferred from the list to the index or catalogue.Ex. The command function 'HELP' is used to obtain guidance online when in difficulty.Ex. The entry is first located with the help of searching.Ex. Sometimes, in the interest of comprehension or helpfulness, modifications to the standard pattern are desirable.Ex. BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.Ex. The report concluded that the problems of rural populations 'do not differ greatly from those of the urban population though the difficulties in obtaining help and relief can be exacerbated by isolation'.Ex. The low regard that many publishers have shown for indexers as enhancers of book sales and profitability may well have been justified in the past.Ex. Once again careful planning pays dividends, and plenty of time and helpers are needed.Ex. Information technology may have acted as a catalyst or facilitator for some of the changes which have occurred.Ex. This article describes a 12 week study tour of the UK undertaken with the help of a bursary from the EU by a lecturer in library studies from Papua New Guinea.Ex. This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.Ex. No hospital creates a healthier community all by itself but it can give its neighbors a jump-start.Ex. Fish hawks needed a helping hand and their comeback is one of the great wildlife success stories of our time.Ex. The Government has vowed to provide 'all possible succour' to the people affected by the cyclone that has left a trail of death and devastation.----* ayuda a las víctimas de una catástrofe = disaster relief.* ayuda al desarrollo = development aid.* ayuda alimentaria = food aid.* ayuda con la declaración de hacienda = income tax assistance.* ayuda de asistencia = attendance grant.* ayuda de asistencia a congreso = conference attendance grant.* ayuda de cámara = valet.* ayuda de emergencia = emergency relief.* ayuda del gobierno = state aid, state support.* ayuda doméstica = domestic help.* ayuda económica = grant, financial support, fund assistance, financial assistance, grant money, cash grant.* ayuda educativa = educational aid.* ayuda en caso de catástrofe = disaster relief.* ayuda en pantalla = aid page.* ayuda estatal = state aid, state support.* ayuda familiar = family income supplement, family worker.* ayuda financiera = financial assistance, fund assistance.* ayuda humanitaria = humanitarian aid, disaster relief, humanitarian assistance.* Ayuda Internacional de Libros (BAI) = Book Aid International (BAI).* ayuda legal = legal assistance.* ayuda memoria = aide-mémoire.* ayuda mutua = mutual help, mutual aid.* ayuda para dormir = sleeping aid.* ayuda para el desplazamiento = travel grant.* ayuda para la memoria = memory aid.* ayuda para recordar = memory aid.* ayudas = monies [money, -sing.].* ayuda sensible al contexto = context-sensitive help.* ayuda social = welfare benefits.* ayudas para la escritura = writing tools.* ayuda visual = visual aid.* buscar ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.* centro de ayuda al empleo = job-help centre.* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.* conseguir ayuda = secure + help.* dispositivo de ayuda a usuarios con necesidades especiales = assistive device.* hacerlo sin la ayuda de nadie = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.* herramienta de ayuda a la escritura = writing aid.* herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.* herramientas de ayuda = helper utility.* herramientas de ayuda para la búsqueda = searching aid.* instrumento de ayuda a la enseñanza = teaching aid.* material de ayuda = help pack.* mostrador de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk].* ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.* ojo humano sin ayuda de lente, el = unaided eye, the.* pantalla de ayuda = help screen.* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.* política de ayuda = assistance policy.* prestar ayuda = provide + assistance, render + assistance, offer + guidance, offer + assistance, lend + a (helping) hand.* proyecto de ayuda = aid project.* proyecto de ayuda humanitaria = relief project.* recabar ayuda = solicit + help, solicit + support.* ser de ayuda = be of assistance.* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.* servicio de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help facility.* servir de ayuda = be of assistance.* sin ayuda = unaided, unassisted.* sin ayuda de nadie = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* sin la ayuda de nadie = single-handedly.* sistema de ayuda = help system.* sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).* solicitar ayuda = summon + help, seek + assistance, seek + help.* tecla de ayuda = help key.* teléfono de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help line, telephone help line.* * *1) ( asistencia) helpnadie fue or acudió en su ayuda — nobody went to his aid
2) (fam & euf) ( enema) enema* * *= aid, assistance, guidance, help, helpfulness, support, relief, enhancer, helper, facilitator, bursary, good offices, jump-start [jumpstart], helping hand, succour [succor, -USA].Ex: Indexing may be conducted entirely without the aid of a computer, or may rely to varying extents upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.
Ex: Most information about terms and their relationships that could be of assistance to the user of the index will be transferred from the list to the index or catalogue.Ex: The command function 'HELP' is used to obtain guidance online when in difficulty.Ex: The entry is first located with the help of searching.Ex: Sometimes, in the interest of comprehension or helpfulness, modifications to the standard pattern are desirable.Ex: BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.Ex: The report concluded that the problems of rural populations 'do not differ greatly from those of the urban population though the difficulties in obtaining help and relief can be exacerbated by isolation'.Ex: The low regard that many publishers have shown for indexers as enhancers of book sales and profitability may well have been justified in the past.Ex: Once again careful planning pays dividends, and plenty of time and helpers are needed.Ex: Information technology may have acted as a catalyst or facilitator for some of the changes which have occurred.Ex: This article describes a 12 week study tour of the UK undertaken with the help of a bursary from the EU by a lecturer in library studies from Papua New Guinea.Ex: This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.Ex: No hospital creates a healthier community all by itself but it can give its neighbors a jump-start.Ex: Fish hawks needed a helping hand and their comeback is one of the great wildlife success stories of our time.Ex: The Government has vowed to provide 'all possible succour' to the people affected by the cyclone that has left a trail of death and devastation.* ayuda a las víctimas de una catástrofe = disaster relief.* ayuda al desarrollo = development aid.* ayuda alimentaria = food aid.* ayuda con la declaración de hacienda = income tax assistance.* ayuda de asistencia = attendance grant.* ayuda de asistencia a congreso = conference attendance grant.* ayuda de cámara = valet.* ayuda de emergencia = emergency relief.* ayuda del gobierno = state aid, state support.* ayuda doméstica = domestic help.* ayuda económica = grant, financial support, fund assistance, financial assistance, grant money, cash grant.* ayuda educativa = educational aid.* ayuda en caso de catástrofe = disaster relief.* ayuda en pantalla = aid page.* ayuda estatal = state aid, state support.* ayuda familiar = family income supplement, family worker.* ayuda financiera = financial assistance, fund assistance.* ayuda humanitaria = humanitarian aid, disaster relief, humanitarian assistance.* Ayuda Internacional de Libros (BAI) = Book Aid International (BAI).* ayuda legal = legal assistance.* ayuda memoria = aide-mémoire.* ayuda mutua = mutual help, mutual aid.* ayuda para dormir = sleeping aid.* ayuda para el desplazamiento = travel grant.* ayuda para la memoria = memory aid.* ayuda para recordar = memory aid.* ayudas = monies [money, -sing.].* ayuda sensible al contexto = context-sensitive help.* ayuda social = welfare benefits.* ayudas para la escritura = writing tools.* ayuda visual = visual aid.* buscar ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.* centro de ayuda al empleo = job-help centre.* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.* conseguir ayuda = secure + help.* dispositivo de ayuda a usuarios con necesidades especiales = assistive device.* hacerlo sin la ayuda de nadie = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.* herramienta de ayuda a la escritura = writing aid.* herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.* herramientas de ayuda = helper utility.* herramientas de ayuda para la búsqueda = searching aid.* instrumento de ayuda a la enseñanza = teaching aid.* material de ayuda = help pack.* mostrador de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk].* ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.* ojo humano sin ayuda de lente, el = unaided eye, the.* pantalla de ayuda = help screen.* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.* política de ayuda = assistance policy.* prestar ayuda = provide + assistance, render + assistance, offer + guidance, offer + assistance, lend + a (helping) hand.* proyecto de ayuda = aid project.* proyecto de ayuda humanitaria = relief project.* recabar ayuda = solicit + help, solicit + support.* ser de ayuda = be of assistance.* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.* servicio de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help facility.* servir de ayuda = be of assistance.* sin ayuda = unaided, unassisted.* sin ayuda de nadie = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* sin la ayuda de nadie = single-handedly.* sistema de ayuda = help system.* sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).* solicitar ayuda = summon + help, seek + assistance, seek + help.* tecla de ayuda = help key.* teléfono de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help line, telephone help line.* * *A (asistencia, auxilio) helple prestaron toda la ayuda necesaria they gave him all the help he needednadie fue or acudió en su ayuda nobody went to help him o went to his aidno quiso pedir ayuda she didn't want to ask for helpayudas para los proyectos de inversión incentives for investment projectsofrecieron ayuda económica a los damnificados they offered financial help o aid o assistance to the victimsorganizaciones de ayuda internacional international aid agenciesno tiene ninguna ayuda en casa she has no help at homeha sido de gran ayuda it has been a great helppoca ayuda no es estorbo every little helpscon ayuda de un vecino mató mi padre un cochino well, with a little help from my/your/his friends …Compuestos:( Esp) home-help service● ayuda audiovisual/visualaudiovisual/visual aidmasculine valethumanitarian aidmasculine aide-mémoireregional aid* * *
Del verbo ayudar: ( conjugate ayudar)
ayuda es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
ayuda
ayudar
ayuda sustantivo femenino ( asistencia) help;
ayudas para la inversión incentives for investment;
ha sido de gran ayuda it has been a great help
ayudar ( conjugate ayudar) verbo transitivo
to help;
ayuda al prójimo to help one's neighbor;
¿te ayudo? do you need any help?;
vino a ayudame she came to help me out;
ayúdame a poner la mesa help me (to) set the table
verbo intransitivo
to help;
¿puedo ayuda en algo? can I do anything to help?
ayuda sustantivo femenino help, assistance, aid: un joven vino en ayuda de los accidentados, a young man came to the aid of the injured people
ayudar verbo transitivo to help: ¿puedes ayudarme a mover la mesa?, can you help me to move the table? ➣ Ver nota en help
' ayuda' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- acudir
- asistencia
- balón
- beneficio
- blandengue
- colaboración
- confiar
- demanda
- espaldarazo
- estimar
- facilidad
- fortalecimiento
- goteo
- gratificación
- nos
- nunca
- ofrecer
- paliar
- prestación
- prioritaria
- prioritario
- recabar
- retirar
- sola
- solo
- urgir
- utilidad
- vital
- agradecer
- apreciar
- auxilio
- beca
- becar
- contar
- desechar
- desinteresado
- despreciar
- dispensar
- disponer
- espontáneo
- evaporarse
- favor
- gracia
- gritar
- implorar
- inapreciable
- inestimable
- material
English:
aid
- appreciate
- appreciative
- ask for
- assistance
- backing
- bat
- bird
- bootstrap
- by
- canvass
- contribute
- contribution
- deny
- do without
- dramatically
- foreign aid
- forthcoming
- give
- grateful
- greatly
- help
- hesitate
- immediate
- instrumental
- major
- navigate
- own
- quarter
- relief
- seek
- service
- single-handed
- summon
- support
- supportive
- unaided
- valet
- virtually
- volunteer
- without
- afield
- any
- boon
- deserving
- hand
- position
- public
- shape
- single
* * *♦ nf1. [asistencia] help, assistance;acudir en ayuda de alguien to come/go to sb's assistance;nos fuiste de gran ayuda you were a great help to us;no me sirvió de mucha ayuda it wasn't much help to me;prestar ayuda to help, to assistayuda en carretera Br breakdown service, US emergency road service; Informát ayuda en línea on-line help; Informát ayuda en pantalla onscreen help2. [económica, alimenticia] aid;un paquete de ayudas a la pequeña empresa a package of measures to help small businessesayuda al desarrollo development aid;ayuda exterior foreign aid;ayuda extranjera foreign aid;ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid;un convoy de ayuda humanitaria a relief convoy3. [limosna]una ayuda, por favor could you spare me some change, please?4. [enema] enema♦ nmHist ayuda de cámara royal valet* * *I f help, assistance;assistance;con la ayuda de with the help of;prestar ayuda help;pedir ayuda a alguien ask s.o. for help;venir en ayuda de come to the aid o help ofII m aide* * *ayuda nf1) : help, assistance2)ayuda de cámara : valet* * *ayuda n1. (en general) help2. (cosa material) aid -
8 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
9 стимулировать
Стимулировать - to stimulate, to provide the impetus for, to give impetus to, to put an incentive forThis finding, initially unexpected, provided the impetus for the spanwise exploration reported in Table.The promise of higher turbine inlet temperature has given impetus to work on application of silicon based ceramics to the Gemini radial gas turbine engine.The probability of the package also puts incentives for increase of specific power output and improved fuel consumption.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > стимулировать
-
10 client
сущ.1)а) эк. клиент (покупатель услуг адвоката, нотариуса, аудитора, страхового брокера и т. п.)law firm’s client — клиент адвокатской конторы
client of Mr. Ruben — клиент г-на Рубена
See:б) эк. клиент, покупатель, заказчик ( покупатель продуктов компании)We take pride in the fact that we continue to provide our clients with products made from the highest quality ingredients the market has to offer. — Мы гордимся тем, что продолжаем обеспечивать своих покупателей товарами, произведенными из самых качественных ингредиентов, какие только есть на рынке.
ATTRIBUTES: business 4) а), institutional 1) а), potential, profitable 1) а)
Syn:See:advertiser client, business client, corporate client, factored client, institutional client, potential client, profitable client, client account, client advertiser, client base, client confidence, client executive, client group 1), client liaison, client relationsв) общ. постоялец ( в гостинице)2) комп. клиент (компьютер, подключенный к компьютерной сети)A client is a computer system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer by some kind of network. — Клиент — это компьютерная система, которая имеет (удаленный) доступ к другому компьютеру через какую-либо сеть.
3) соц. лицо, живущее на пособие; пенсионер; клиент системы социального обслуживанияVarious time limits, rule changes and benefit reductions have been justified as "incentives" for welfare clients to find paid jobs. — Различные ограничения по продолжительности предоставления пособий, изменения правил их получения и снижение их размеров были обоснованы как "стимулы", призванные подтолкнуть получателей социальных пособий к поиску оплачиваемой работы.
See:4) общ., ист. клиент (в Древнем Риме: плебей, пользовавшийся покровительством патрона-патриция)5)а) пол. зависимое государство, государство-клиент, сателлитthe former Soviet Union and its clients in the Middle East — бывший СССР и его сателлиты на Ближнем Востоке
Syn:client country, client stateSee:client group 2)б) соц. клиент ( одна из сторон в патрон-клиентской модели отношений)See:
* * *
клиент: лицо, пользующееся услугами другого лица или агента, а также покупающее его товары.* * *заказчик, рекламодательтермин, которым рекламное агентство и средства распространения рекламы обозначают рекламодателя, заказ которого выполняется-----Банки/Банковские операциисм. consignor -
11 incentivo
m.incentive.incentivo fiscal tax incentivepres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: incentivar.* * *1 incentive* * *noun m.* * *SM incentive* * *masculino incentive* * *= boost, incentive, motivation, reward, spur, thrust, inducement, perquisite, enticement.Ex. Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.Ex. This article considers the strengths of a pay scale as a work incentive.Ex. What is the motivation for studying and preparing abstracts?.Ex. The dependence on bosses for recognition, rewards, and advancement breeds an artificiality of relationship, a need to be polite and agreeable.Ex. This was a spur to several other London boroughs who set up shop-front consumer advice centres from 1972.Ex. The National IT plan proposes 7 building blocks each with a strategic thrust which will serve as the overall impetus for the national IT movement.Ex. Some inducements to work may be negative, but the majority will be positive.Ex. Journeymen traditionally had the perquisite of a free copy of each book that they had helped to print, besides occasional gratuities from authors.Ex. The current concerns about enticement of young and vulnerable people into abusive relationships and damaging behaviours cannot be overlooked.----* incentivo económico = economic incentive, financial incentive.* incentivo en el trabajo = work incentive, labour incentive.* incentivo fiscal = tax incentive.* incentivo laboral = work incentive, labour incentive.* incentivo laboral a largo plazo = golden handcuffs.* ¿incentivos o amenazas? = the carrot vs. the stick, the carrot vs. the stick.* incentivos y amenazas = carrots and sticks.* ofrecer incentivo = provide + incentive, offer + inducement.* ser un incentivo = be motivating.* sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].* * *masculino incentive* * *= boost, incentive, motivation, reward, spur, thrust, inducement, perquisite, enticement.Ex: Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.
Ex: This article considers the strengths of a pay scale as a work incentive.Ex: What is the motivation for studying and preparing abstracts?.Ex: The dependence on bosses for recognition, rewards, and advancement breeds an artificiality of relationship, a need to be polite and agreeable.Ex: This was a spur to several other London boroughs who set up shop-front consumer advice centres from 1972.Ex: The National IT plan proposes 7 building blocks each with a strategic thrust which will serve as the overall impetus for the national IT movement.Ex: Some inducements to work may be negative, but the majority will be positive.Ex: Journeymen traditionally had the perquisite of a free copy of each book that they had helped to print, besides occasional gratuities from authors.Ex: The current concerns about enticement of young and vulnerable people into abusive relationships and damaging behaviours cannot be overlooked.* incentivo económico = economic incentive, financial incentive.* incentivo en el trabajo = work incentive, labour incentive.* incentivo fiscal = tax incentive.* incentivo laboral = work incentive, labour incentive.* incentivo laboral a largo plazo = golden handcuffs.* ¿incentivos o amenazas? = the carrot vs. the stick, the carrot vs. the stick.* incentivos y amenazas = carrots and sticks.* ofrecer incentivo = provide + incentive, offer + inducement.* ser un incentivo = be motivating.* sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].* * *incentiveun gran incentivo para el ahorro a great incentive to savesueldo fijo más incentivos basic wage plus bonuses o plus incentive paymentsCompuesto:tax incentive* * *
Del verbo incentivar: ( conjugate incentivar)
incentivo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
incentivó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
incentivar
incentivo
incentivo sustantivo masculino
incentive
incentivar verbo transitivo to give an incentive to
incentivo m (estímulo) incentive
(al trabajador) bonus
' incentivo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aliciente
- estímulo
- motivación
English:
incentive
- inducement
- fringe
* * *♦ nmincentive;un incentivo para la compra de viviendas an incentive for people to buy their own homeincentivo fiscal tax incentive♦ incentivos nmpl[dinero] incentive pay* * *m incentive* * *incentivo nm: incentive* * *incentivo n incentive -
12 steuerlich
I Adj. attr. tax...; Vorteil, Nachteil, Wohnsitz etc.: auch fiscal; aus steuerlichen Gründen for tax reasons ( oder purposes)II Adv.: steuerlich ( gesehen) from a tax point of view; steuerlich absetzbar oder abzugsfähig tax-deductible; steuerlich günstig with tax advantages ( oder low tax liability); steuerlich veranlagen assess for taxation; sich steuerlich besser / schlechter stehen be better / worse off in terms of taxation* * *steu|er|lich ['ʃtɔyɐlɪç]1. adjtax attrstéúerliche Belastung — tax burden
aus stéúerlichen Überlegungen — for tax reasons
2. adves ist stéúerlich günstiger... — for tax purposes it is better...
das wirkt sich stéúerlich ganz günstig aus — from the tax point of view or taxwise it works out very well
das ist stéúerlich vorteilhaft — that's a good way to save on taxes
stéúerlich abzugsfähig — tax-deductible
stéúerlich stark belastet werden (Mensch) — to pay high taxes
stéúerlich entlastet werden (Mensch) — to get a tax reduction or break
etw wird stéúerlich berücksichtigt — sth is tax-deductible
* * *steu·er·lich\steuerliche Anreize tax incentives\steuerliche Belastungsgrenze taxable capacity\steuerliche Vergünstigungen/Vorteile tax privileges/advantagesII. adv\steuerlich absetzbar tax-deductibleetw \steuerlich belasten to tax sth\steuerlich entlasten to provide tax reliefetw \steuerlich berücksichtigen to provide tax allowance on sth\steuerlich berücksichtigt werden to receive tax allowance\steuerlich günstig tax-supported, with low tax liability pred\steuerlich privilegiert tax-privileged\steuerlich ungünstig tax-ridden, with high tax liability pred\steuerlich zulässige Jahresabschreibung annual tax write-offs* * *1.Adjektiv; nicht präd. tax <advantages, benefits, etc.>2.* * *A. adj attr tax …; Vorteil, Nachteil, Wohnsitz etc: auch fiscal;aus steuerlichen Gründen for tax reasons ( oder purposes)B. adv:steuerlich (gesehen) from a tax point of view;abzugsfähig tax-deductible;steuerlich günstig with tax advantages ( oder low tax liability);steuerlich veranlagen assess for taxation;sich steuerlich besser/schlechter stehen be better/worse off in terms of taxation* * *1.Adjektiv; nicht präd. tax <advantages, benefits, etc.>2. -
13 fund
1. n1) запас, резерв, фонд2) pl фонды, денежные средства
- accumulation fund
- adequate funds
- actual fund
- additional funds
- advisory funds
- aggressive growth fund
- amortization fund
- authorized fund
- available funds
- balanced fund
- bank funds
- basic fund
- bond fund
- bond sinking fund
- bonus fund
- borrowed funds
- budgetary funds
- burial fund
- buy-out fund
- capital fund
- capital redemption reserve fund
- cash fund
- charter fund
- claims settlement fund
- clearing house funds
- clone fund
- closed fund
- closed-end investment funds
- common stock fund
- common trust fund
- compensation fund
- consolidated fund
- consumption fund
- contingency funds
- contingent fund
- contract fund
- co-op share fund
- corporate income fund
- corporate liquid fund
- country fund
- cover funds
- credit funds
- currency fund
- debt fund
- debt funds
- deferred fund
- deposit funds
- depreciation fund
- development fund
- discretionary fund
- diversified common stock fund
- diversified common trust fund
- dividend reserve fund
- economic incentive fund
- economic stimulation fund
- emergency funds
- emergency reserve fund
- emerging markets growth fund
- employee benefit trust fund
- endowment fund
- equalization fund
- equalized fund
- equity funds
- equity common trust fund
- equity income fund
- escrow funds
- exchange stabilization fund
- expense fund
- extra funds
- extra-budgetary funds
- federal fund
- federal funds
- federal reserve fund
- federal small business support fund
- fiduciary funds
- financial fund
- financing funds
- floating funds
- floating funds in circulation
- footloose funds
- foreign funds
- fresh funds
- front-end load fund
- frozen funds
- general fund
- go-go fund
- gold settlement fund
- good funds
- government funds
- growth fund
- growth and income fund
- guarantee fund
- hard-currency funds
- hedge fund
- high-quality fund
- house funds
- illiquid funds
- imprest fund
- income fund
- income mutual fund
- indemnification fund
- indivisible funds
- inducement fund
- in-house funds
- insufficient funds
- insurance fund
- interest-sensitive funds
- internal funds
- International Monetary Fund
- investment funds
- joint fund
- labour fund
- lease fund
- lendable funds
- liquid fund
- liquid funds
- liquid foreign exchange funds
- liquid reserve fund
- liquidity fund
- load mutual fund
- loan fund
- loan funds
- loanable funds
- loan redemption fund
- local fund
- long-term funds
- low-cost funds
- material incentives fund
- maximum capital gain mutual fund
- monetary fund
- money market fund
- money market mutual fund
- mutual fund
- mutual mortgage insurance fund
- no-load fund
- off-budget fund
- offshore fund
- open-end investment fund
- open share fund
- outside funds
- overnight funds
- payroll fund
- pension fund
- performance fund
- petty cash fund
- policy reserve fund
- private fund
- private funds
- professional health insurance fund
- proprietary fund
- provident fund
- public funds
- public consumption funds
- public off-budget funds
- purchase fund
- real estate fund
- redemption fund
- registered fund
- released fund
- relief fund
- renewal fund
- research-and-development fund
- reserve funds
- retention funds
- revaluation rerserve fund
- revolving fund
- sector-specified fund
- share fund
- shareholders' fund
- short-term funds
- short-term bond fund
- sinking fund
- slush fund
- social consumption funds
- social security fund
- soft loan fund
- specialized fund
- specialty fund
- special-purpose fund
- special reserve fund
- stabilization fund
- standards of emergency funds
- standby funds
- state funds
- statutory fund
- sufficient funds
- superannuation fund
- surplus funds
- tax-exempt bond fund
- tied-up funds
- trust fund
- uncollected funds
- unit fund
- unpaid liability funds
- utility or other-enterprise fund
- volatile funds
- vulture fund
- wages fund
- welfare fund
- working capital fund
- working time fund
- fund for amortization
- fund for development of production
- fund for expansion of production
- fund for the support of small enterprise
- fund for technological improvement
- funds of a bank
- funds of an enterprise
- fund of funds
- administer a fund
- advance funds
- allocate funds
- appropriate funds
- attract funds
- be pressed for funds
- borrow funds
- call upon the fund
- commit the funds
- convert funds to another purpose
- create funds
- deposit funds
- draw money from the fund
- earmark funds
- establish a fund
- extend funds
- freeze funds
- generate funds
- grant funds
- invest funds
- launch a hedge fund
- make funds available
- manage a fund
- misspend federal funds
- obtain funds
- open a fund
- pay out funds
- provide funds
- raise funds
- redistribute funds
- release funds
- repatriate funds
- set aside funds
- set up a fund
- streamline a fund
- tie up funds
- transfer funds
- withdraw funds2. v2) финансировать, фондировать
- fund through taxation -
14 tax
1. n1) налог, сбор; пошлина- levy a tax on smb.- impose a tax on smb.- impose a tax on smth.- levy a tax on smth.2) амер. членские взносы (в обществе, профсоюзе)3) бремя, испытание; напряжение•- tax code- land tax2. v1) облагать налогом; подвергать обложению (налогом)2) упрекать; критиковать, осуждать- tax smb. with smth. during the debate
См. также в других словарях:
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